Download a comprehensive PDF containing 100 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on Digestive System Anatomy with detailed answers. Ideal for medical students, competitive exams, and anatomy enthusiasts, this resource helps you test and expand your knowledge of the digestive system. Perfect for quick revision and exam preparation.
100 MCQs on Digestive System Anatomy with answers
1. What is the primary function of the digestive system?
A) Circulates blood
B) Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
C) Regulates body temperature
D) Filters waste products
Answer: B) Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
Description: The digestive system is responsible for the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.
2. Which organ is responsible for the production of bile?
A) Stomach
B) Pancreas
C) Liver
D) Gallbladder
Answer: C) Liver
Description: The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and helps in the digestion of fats.
3. Where does the process of digestion begin?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Mouth
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Mouth
Description: Digestion starts in the mouth where food is broken down by chewing and mixed with saliva containing digestive enzymes.
4. What enzyme is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?
A) Pepsin
B) Amylase
C) Lipase
D) Trypsin
Answer: B) Amylase
Description: Salivary amylase begins the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth into simpler sugars.
5. The stomach is protected from its own acid by:
A) Thick muscular walls
B) Alkaline bile
C) Mucous lining
D) Rapid peristalsis
Answer: C) Mucous lining
Description: The stomach’s mucous lining prevents the stomach from being digested by its own hydrochloric acid.
6. What is the main function of the small intestine in digestion?
A) Absorbs water
B) Absorbs nutrients
C) Stores bile
D) Breaks down proteins
Answer: B) Absorbs nutrients
Description: The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.
7. Which section of the small intestine receives bile and pancreatic juices?
A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Jejunum
D) Cecum
Answer: A) Duodenum
Description: The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine where bile and pancreatic juices mix with chyme to aid in digestion.
8. What is the function of the large intestine?
A) Absorbs most nutrients
B) Filters toxins
C) Absorbs water and electrolytes
D) Secretes digestive enzymes
Answer: C) Absorbs water and electrolytes
Description: The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food and forms solid waste (feces).
9. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
A) Epiglottis
B) Uvula
C) Pharynx
D) Soft palate
Answer: A) Epiglottis
Description: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe during swallowing, preventing food and liquids from entering the trachea.
10. Which of the following organs does NOT belong to the alimentary canal?
A) Mouth
B) Liver
C) Stomach
D) Esophagus
Answer: B) Liver
Description: The alimentary canal consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver is an accessory organ.
11. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for protein digestion in the stomach?
A) Amylase
B) Pepsin
C) Lipase
D) Trypsin
Answer: B) Pepsin
Description: Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides in the stomach, where it is activated by hydrochloric acid.
12. The pancreas secretes insulin and:
A) Bile
B) Gastric acid
C) Digestive enzymes
D) Saliva
Answer: C) Digestive enzymes
Description: The pancreas secretes enzymes like amylase, lipase, and proteases, which help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine.
13. Which organ is mainly responsible for water reabsorption during digestion?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Pancreas
Answer: C) Large intestine
Description: The large intestine reabsorbs water from the remaining indigestible food, helping to form solid waste.
14. What is the primary role of the esophagus?
A) Produce digestive enzymes
B) Store food
C) Transport food to the stomach
D) Absorb nutrients
Answer: C) Transport food to the stomach
Description: The esophagus is a muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach using peristaltic movements.
15. The gallbladder’s main function is to:
A) Produce bile
B) Store bile
C) Produce insulin
D) Break down fats
Answer: B) Store bile
Description: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.
16. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
A) Detoxification
B) Glycogen storage
C) Protein synthesis
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: D) Absorption of nutrients
Description: The liver performs various functions including detoxification, bile production, and glycogen storage, but nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine.
17. The finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption are called:
A) Villi
B) Microvilli
C) Rugae
D) Papillae
Answer: A) Villi
Description: Villi are small, finger-like projections that line the small intestine and greatly increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
18. What is the pH of the stomach during digestion?
A) 2
B) 7
C) 5
D) 8
Answer: A) 2
Description: The stomach maintains a highly acidic environment (pH of around 2) to activate digestive enzymes like pepsin and to help break down food.
19. Which part of the digestive system absorbs the most water?
A) Small intestine
B) Stomach
C) Large intestine
D) Pancreas
Answer: C) Large intestine
Description: The large intestine absorbs most of the remaining water from the indigestible food matter, helping to consolidate waste.
20. The hormone gastrin is primarily responsible for:
A) Stimulating bile production
B) Secreting saliva
C) Stimulating acid production in the stomach
D) Promoting peristalsis
Answer: C) Stimulating acid production in the stomach
Description: Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the stomach’s parietal cells.
21. What is the primary function of bile in the digestive process?
A) Breaks down proteins
B) Neutralizes stomach acid
C) Emulsifies fats
D) Absorbs vitamins
Answer: C) Emulsifies fats
Description: Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, helps emulsify fats in the small intestine, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion by lipase.
22. What is the name of the valve that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine?
A) Pyloric valve
B) Cardiac sphincter
C) Ileocecal valve
D) Anal sphincter
Answer: A) Pyloric valve
Description: The pyloric valve controls the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine.
23. Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for absorbing vitamin B12?
A) Stomach
B) Duodenum
C) Ileum
D) Large intestine
Answer: C) Ileum
Description: The ileum, the last part of the small intestine, is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12, as well as bile salts and other nutrients.
24. Which of the following organs is NOT involved in the digestion of food?
A) Kidneys
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Gallbladder
Answer: A) Kidneys
Description: The kidneys are not involved in digestion but in the filtration of blood and the removal of waste products through urine.
25. The movement of food through the digestive tract by muscular contractions is called:
A) Segmentation
B) Mastication
C) Peristalsis
D) Emulsification
Answer: C) Peristalsis
Description: Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles in the walls of the digestive tract that helps move food through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
26. What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
A) Breaks down bile
B) Absorbs fats
C) Produces digestive enzymes
D) Secretes stomach acid
Answer: C) Produces digestive enzymes
Description: The pancreas produces enzymes like amylase, lipase, and proteases, which are essential for breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine.
27. The semi-liquid mass of partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine is called:
A) Chyme
B) Bile
C) Bolus
D) Mucus
Answer: A) Chyme
Description: Chyme is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices that is produced in the stomach and enters the small intestine for further digestion.
28. Which of the following nutrients is primarily absorbed in the large intestine?
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Water
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C) Water
Description: The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter, forming solid waste.
29. The process of breaking down food into smaller, absorbable components is called:
A) Circulation
B) Respiration
C) Digestion
D) Excretion
Answer: C) Digestion
Description: Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules, such as sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids, which can be absorbed by the body.
30. The enzyme responsible for fat digestion in the small intestine is:
A) Pepsin
B) Amylase
C) Lipase
D) Trypsin
Answer: C) Lipase
Description: Lipase is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine.
31. Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in the digestive process through respiration?
A) Trachea
B) Larynx
C) Diaphragm
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Diaphragm
Description: The diaphragm is a large muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It plays a key role in respiration and indirectly assists in digestion by creating pressure changes that help move food through the digestive system.
32. What is the role of the salivary glands in digestion?
A) Neutralize stomach acid
B) Absorb nutrients
C) Secrete digestive enzymes like amylase
D) Break down proteins
Answer: C) Secrete digestive enzymes like amylase
Description: Salivary glands secrete saliva, which contains the enzyme amylase that begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
33. Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis?
A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa
Answer: C) Muscularis
Description: The muscularis layer of the digestive tract contains smooth muscle that performs peristalsis, moving food along the digestive system.
34. Which of the following hormones regulates the release of gastric acid in the stomach?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Gastrin
D) Secretin
Answer: C) Gastrin
Description: Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach, aiding in digestion.
35. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption take place?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: B) Small intestine
Description: The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, where nutrients pass into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestinal villi.
36. Which part of the large intestine connects to the small intestine?
A) Colon
B) Rectum
C) Cecum
D) Anus
Answer: C) Cecum
Description: The cecum is a pouch-like structure that connects the ileum of the small intestine to the large intestine and marks the beginning of the colon.
37. The stomach acid primarily consists of which compound?
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Sulfuric acid
C) Lactic acid
D) Acetic acid
Answer: A) Hydrochloric acid
Description: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach helps break down food, kills bacteria, and activates the enzyme pepsin for protein digestion.
38. The majority of digestion and absorption occurs in which part of the digestive system?
A) Large intestine
B) Small intestine
C) Stomach
D) Esophagus
Answer: B) Small intestine
Description: The small intestine is where most digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place, facilitated by digestive enzymes and bile.
39. The gallbladder releases bile into which part of the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Duodenum
C) Ileum
D) Cecum
Answer: B) Duodenum
Description: The gallbladder releases bile into the duodenum of the small intestine to aid in the emulsification and digestion of fats.
40. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the digestion of starch?
A) Pepsin
B) Lipase
C) Amylase
D) Lactase
Answer: C) Amylase
Description: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starches into simpler sugars. It is produced by both the salivary glands and the pancreas.
41. Which of the following structures increases the surface area of the small intestine for absorption?
A) Rugae
B) Cilia
C) Villi
D) Microvilli
Answer: C) Villi
Description: The villi are small, finger-like projections lining the walls of the small intestine. These structures, along with microvilli, increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
42. The primary site of water absorption in the digestive system is:
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: B) Large intestine
Description: The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residue, forming solid waste.
43. The structure that prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing is called the:
A) Pharynx
B) Epiglottis
C) Esophagus
D) Trachea
Answer: B) Epiglottis
Description: The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that closes over the windpipe (trachea) during swallowing, preventing food from entering the lungs.
44. Which enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach?
A) Amylase
B) Pepsin
C) Lipase
D) Trypsin
Answer: B) Pepsin
Description: Pepsin is a digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
45. What is the primary role of the large intestine?
A) Digestion of fats
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Water reabsorption and formation of feces
D) Breakdown of carbohydrates
Answer: C) Water reabsorption and formation of feces
Description: The large intestine’s main function is to reabsorb water and electrolytes, as well as to consolidate waste into feces for excretion.
46. The enzyme lactase is responsible for breaking down:
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Lactose
D) Starch
Answer: C) Lactose
Description: Lactase is an enzyme produced in the small intestine that breaks down lactose, the sugar found in milk, into glucose and galactose.
47. Which organ is the first to receive nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract?
A) Heart
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Gallbladder
Answer: B) Liver
Description: The liver is the first organ to receive nutrient-rich blood through the hepatic portal vein after it is absorbed from the intestines.
48. Which of the following is NOT part of the small intestine?
A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Jejunum
D) Cecum
Answer: D) Cecum
Description: The cecum is part of the large intestine, not the small intestine. The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
49. The pancreas secretes which hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Gastrin
D) Pepsin
Answer: B) Insulin
Description: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
50. Where is the appendix located in the digestive system?
A) Attached to the ileum
B) At the junction of the small and large intestines
C) In the rectum
D) Between the esophagus and stomach
Answer: B) At the junction of the small and large intestines
Description: The appendix is a small, finger-like projection attached to the cecum, located at the junction between the small and large intestines.
51. What is the name of the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach?
A) Trachea
B) Esophagus
C) Larynx
D) Pharynx
Answer: B) Esophagus
Description: The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach, allowing the movement of food through peristalsis.
52. What substance protects the stomach lining from the acidic environment within the stomach?
A) Mucus
B) Bile
C) Enzymes
D) Water
Answer: A) Mucus
Description: Mucus secreted by the stomach’s epithelial cells forms a protective layer that shields the stomach lining from damage by the stomach’s acidic contents.
53. The enzyme secreted by the salivary glands that starts the digestion of carbohydrates is:
A) Pepsin
B) Amylase
C) Lipase
D) Lactase
Answer: B) Amylase
Description: Salivary amylase is an enzyme secreted in the mouth that begins the digestion of carbohydrates, breaking them down into simpler sugars.
54. The liver is divided into how many lobes?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Answer: C) 4
Description: The liver is divided into four lobes: the right, left, caudate, and quadrate lobes.
55. The process by which digested nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestines is called:
A) Diffusion
B) Peristalsis
C) Absorption
D) Excretion
Answer: C) Absorption
Description: Absorption is the process by which nutrients from digested food pass through the intestinal walls into the bloodstream for use by the body.
56. What is the role of bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas?
A) Neutralizes stomach acid
B) Breaks down proteins
C) Emulsifies fats
D) Absorbs nutrients
Answer: A) Neutralizes stomach acid
Description: Bicarbonate is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize the acidic chyme that enters the small intestine from the stomach, creating a more favorable environment for digestive enzymes to function.
57. Which of the following is part of the digestive system but not involved in the digestion of food?
A) Pancreas
B) Gallbladder
C) Kidneys
D) Stomach
Answer: C) Kidneys
Description: The kidneys are part of the excretory system and not involved in digestion. They filter waste products from the blood to form urine.
58. The cecum is part of which digestive organ?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Liver
Answer: C) Large intestine
Description: The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, located at the junction of the ileum and the colon.
59. Which of the following vitamins is produced by bacteria in the large intestine?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin A
Answer: C) Vitamin K
Description: Bacteria in the large intestine synthesize vitamin K, which plays an important role in blood clotting.
60. What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the digestive tract muscles that move food along the digestive system?
A) Diffusion
B) Peristalsis
C) Segmentation
D) Filtration
Answer: B) Peristalsis
Description: Peristalsis refers to the involuntary contractions of the smooth muscles in the digestive tract that help propel food from the esophagus to the stomach and through the intestines.
61. The gallbladder stores and concentrates:
A) Saliva
B) Bile
C) Insulin
D) Pancreatic juices
Answer: B) Bile
Description: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver, which helps in the digestion and emulsification of fats in the small intestine.
62. The esophagus passes through which structure to reach the stomach?
A) Diaphragm
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Pancreas
Answer: A) Diaphragm
Description: The esophagus passes through the diaphragm via the esophageal hiatus before it reaches the stomach.
63. Which of the following enzymes is produced in the pancreas and acts in the small intestine to digest proteins?
A) Pepsin
B) Trypsin
C) Amylase
D) Lipase
Answer: B) Trypsin
Description: Trypsin is produced by the pancreas and acts in the small intestine to break down proteins into smaller peptides.
64. What is the primary role of bile in digestion?
A) Neutralizes stomach acid
B) Breaks down carbohydrates
C) Emulsifies fats
D) Breaks down proteins
Answer: C) Emulsifies fats
Description: Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets, making it easier for lipase to digest them in the small intestine.
65. Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of most nutrients?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: B) Small intestine
Description: The small intestine is the primary site for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream, facilitated by its large surface area due to the presence of villi and microvilli.
66. What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
A) Regulates the flow of bile into the small intestine
B) Controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
C) Prevents the backflow of food into the esophagus
D) Regulates the release of enzymes from the pancreas
Answer: B) Controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
Description: The pyloric sphincter is a ring of muscle that controls the movement of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).
67. The duodenum is located:
A) In the large intestine
B) Between the stomach and the jejunum
C) Between the esophagus and stomach
D) In the rectum
Answer: B) Between the stomach and the jejunum
Description: The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine that receives chyme from the stomach and continues the process of digestion.
68. The enzyme lipase is responsible for breaking down:
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Nucleic acids
Answer: B) Fats
Description: Lipase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine.
69. What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?
A) Produces digestive enzymes
B) Secretes hormones
C) Produces bile
D) Stores vitamins and minerals
Answer: C) Produces bile
Description: The liver produces bile, which helps in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
70. The appendix is often considered a vestigial organ. What does this mean?
A) It plays a major role in digestion
B) It stores bile
C) It has lost much of its original function over time
D) It is responsible for absorbing water
Answer: C) It has lost much of its original function over time
Description: The appendix is considered vestigial because it no longer plays a significant role in digestion, though it may have once been more functionally important in human ancestors.
71. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
A) Stomach
B) Esophagus
C) Liver
D) Large intestine
Answer: C) Liver
Description: The liver is considered an accessory organ of digestion because it aids in the digestive process through the production of bile, but food does not pass directly through it.
72. In which part of the digestive system does most chemical digestion take place?
A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine
Answer: C) Small intestine
Description: The majority of chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine with the help of enzymes and bile.
73. Which of the following organs is responsible for the detoxification of harmful substances in the body?
A) Pancreas
B) Gallbladder
C) Liver
D) Small intestine
Answer: C) Liver
Description: The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances, metabolizing drugs, and processing waste products for excretion.
74. Which of these is NOT a function of the pancreas?
A) Secretes insulin
B) Produces bile
C) Secretes digestive enzymes
D) Regulates blood sugar levels
Answer: B) Produces bile
Description: The pancreas does not produce bile; that function belongs to the liver. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin and glucagon.
75. Which nutrient is primarily absorbed in the large intestine?
A) Water
B) Proteins
C) Carbohydrates
D) Lipids
Answer: A) Water
Description: The large intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from indigestible food material.
76. The ileocecal valve separates the small intestine from which part of the large intestine?
A) Ascending colon
B) Cecum
C) Rectum
D) Sigmoid colon
Answer: B) Cecum
Description: The ileocecal valve is located between the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the cecum (the first part of the large intestine).
77. Which of the following is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food?
A) Enzymes
B) Teeth
C) Hormones
D) Bile
Answer: B) Teeth
Description: Teeth are responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing (mastication), which aids in digestion.
78. Which structure produces hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
A) Chief cells
B) Parietal cells
C) Goblet cells
D) Acinar cells
Answer: B) Parietal cells
Description: Parietal cells in the stomach lining secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), which helps in breaking down food and activating digestive enzymes like pepsin.
79. Which part of the digestive tract is primarily responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12?
A) Stomach
B) Ileum
C) Duodenum
D) Colon
Answer: B) Ileum
Description: The ileum, the last part of the small intestine, is responsible for absorbing vitamin B12, which is necessary for red blood cell production.
80. Which digestive organ is primarily responsible for the digestion of proteins?
A) Large intestine
B) Pancreas
C) Stomach
D) Mouth
Answer: C) Stomach
Description: The stomach secretes pepsin, an enzyme that begins the process of protein digestion in the highly acidic environment.
81. The condition of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by malfunctioning of which structure?
A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Ileocecal valve
C) Lower esophageal sphincter
D) Appendix
Answer: C) Lower esophageal sphincter
Description: GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter does not close properly, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation.
82. The process of peristalsis primarily occurs in which part of the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Esophagus
C) Large intestine
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Description: Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food through the digestive tract, from the esophagus to the large intestine.
83. The enzyme amylase, found in saliva, begins the digestion of which macronutrient?
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
Answer: C) Carbohydrates
Description: Amylase is an enzyme found in saliva that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starch into simpler sugars.
84. Which of the following cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
A) Parietal cells
B) Chief cells
C) Goblet cells
D) Acinar cells
Answer: B) Chief cells
Description: Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, an inactive enzyme that is activated to pepsin by stomach acid and is crucial for protein digestion.
85. Where is the enzyme lactase primarily located?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Pancreas
Answer: B) Small intestine
Description: Lactase is an enzyme located in the small intestine that breaks down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products.
86. The largest gland in the human body is:
A) Pancreas
B) Gallbladder
C) Liver
D) Thyroid
Answer: C) Liver
Description: The liver is the largest gland in the human body and performs many functions, including bile production, detoxification, and metabolism of nutrients.
87. The primary function of villi in the small intestine is to:
A) Secrete digestive enzymes
B) Absorb nutrients
C) Produce bile
D) Move food along the intestine
Answer: B) Absorb nutrients
Description: Villi are small, finger-like projections in the lining of the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption of nutrients.
88. The pH of stomach acid is typically:
A) 2
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9
Answer: A) 2
Description: The pH of stomach acid is very acidic, around 1.5 to 3.5, which helps to break down food and kill pathogens.
89. Which structure connects the small intestine to the large intestine?
A) Duodenum
B) Cecum
C) Jejunum
D) Ileocecal valve
Answer: D) Ileocecal valve
Description: The ileocecal valve is located between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine and regulates the flow of digested material.
90. Which nutrient is primarily absorbed in the large intestine?
A) Fats
B) Proteins
C) Water
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C) Water
Description: The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter, forming solid waste.
91. Which digestive organ is responsible for storing bile produced by the liver?
A) Pancreas
B) Small intestine
C) Gallbladder
D) Stomach
Answer: C) Gallbladder
Description: The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats.
92. What is the main role of the pancreas in digestion?
A) Secretion of bile
B) Production of insulin
C) Secretion of digestive enzymes
D) Storage of vitamins
Answer: C) Secretion of digestive enzymes
Description: The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and proteases into the small intestine to assist in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
93. In which section of the small intestine is the majority of nutrient absorption completed?
A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Ileum
D) Cecum
Answer: B) Jejunum
Description: The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place after digestion in the duodenum.
94. Which organ is responsible for the synthesis of blood clotting proteins and cholesterol?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Stomach
D) Gallbladder
Answer: A) Liver
Description: The liver synthesizes important proteins for blood clotting and cholesterol, playing a key role in metabolism and maintaining blood health.
95. The valve that prevents the backflow of food from the stomach into the esophagus is the:
A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Cardiac sphincter
C) Ileocecal valve
D) Sphincter of Oddi
Answer: B) Cardiac sphincter
Description: The cardiac sphincter, or lower esophageal sphincter, prevents the backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus.
96. Which digestive hormone stimulates the release of gastric juices?
A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Gastrin
D) Insulin
Answer: C) Gastrin
Description: Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, which are essential for digestion in the stomach.
97. Which structure produces the hormone insulin?
A) Gallbladder
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Stomach
Answer: C) Pancreas
Description: The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
98. Which part of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach?
A) Jejunum
B) Duodenum
C) Ileum
D) Cecum
Answer: B) Duodenum
Description: The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine that receives chyme (partially digested food) from the stomach and continues the process of digestion.
99. The muscular tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach is the:
A) Trachea
B) Esophagus
C) Duodenum
D) Rectum
Answer: B) Esophagus
Description: The esophagus is a muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach via peristalsis.
100. Which of the following structures absorbs fatty acids and glycerol during digestion?
A) Villi
B) Microvilli
C) Lacteals
D) Capillaries
Answer: C) Lacteals
Description: Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels located in the villi of the small intestine, responsible for absorbing fatty acids and glycerol.
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